野生玫瑰果实发育过程中种子的细胞组织结构和内源激素变化对其休眠性的影响

以吉林珲春自然群落的野生玫瑰(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)为试验材料,探究野生玫瑰在果实形成过程中种子的发育及休眠性的形成和变化。选取青果期(1~35 d)、转色期(35~60 d)、红果期(60~75 d)的果实及种子,结合形态学、组织细胞学观察法及高效液相色谱技术,对果实各发育时期的种子形态、种胚及内果皮的发育进行研究,并分析种子内源激素含量变化与果实发育、种子休眠之间的关系。结果表明:果实和种子在青果期(1~35 d)时发育速度最快,种胚在花后24 d发育完全,种子不存在形态休眠。花后24 d内果皮开始沉积木质素并逐渐木质化,种子开始产生机械休眠。种子激素含量的变化与果实的发育、转色及内果皮的木质化密切相关,种子内源GA3和ABA含量在青果期(1~35 d)达到峰值,内源IAA含量在果实转色期(35~60 d)达到最大值,高浓度的ABA含量是种子尚未脱离果实时便已进入生理休眠的主要原因。     

浙江蔷薇科新分类群

描述了浙江蔷薇科1新亚种和1新变种,并分别附有线条图。它们是:腺瓣蔷薇(新亚种)和遂昌红腺悬钩子(新变种)。腺瓣蔷薇与模式亚种单花合柱蔷薇区别在托叶、叶柄和萼片仅密被短柔毛而无腺毛,小叶片较大,两面近无毛或疏被短柔毛,伞房花序具1～3花,花瓣宽倒卵形。遂昌红腺悬钩子与模式变种红腺悬钩子区别在于花梗、小枝和老枝密被腺毛而无柔毛,小叶片两面具腺毛,萼片较长,长13～15mm,先端长尾尖。     

金樱根化学成分的研究

金樱根为三金片的主要成分,但目前对于金樱根的化学成分和药理作用研究甚少。为了阐明金樱根的物质基础和生物活性,该研究采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P等柱色谱以及HPLC半制备等方法,对金樱根(Rosa laevigata)的化学成分进行研究。结果表明:从中共分离得到9个化合物,经过波谱数据分析结合文献对照分别鉴定为儿茶素(1),表儿茶素(2),rosamultin(3),sericoside(4),2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(5),kaji-ichigoside F1(6),β-D-Glucopyranosyl 3β,19α-dihydroxy-2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate(7),胡萝卜苷(8),β-谷甾醇(9),其中化合物2、4、5、7为首次从该植物中分离得到。该研究结果为金樱根在功能医药领域的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

金刺梨果实和叶中酚类、Vc含量及其抗氧化能力分析

为了解贵州金刺梨（Rosa sterilis D.Shi）果实和叶片中的活性成分及其抗氧化活性,以贵州普定县金刺梨种植基地的果实和叶片为试材,测定其活性成分含量及其抗氧化活性,并对各项指标进行相关性分析。结果显示：没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素、儿茶素、鞣花酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸是供试金刺梨果实和叶片的主要酚类成分,金刺梨果实和叶片中活性组分差异显著（P<0.05）,果实中p-香豆酸、总黄酮和抗坏血酸的含量相对较高,而叶片中没食子酸、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、阿魏酸、鞣花酸、芦丁、槲皮素和总酚含量均高于果实;金刺梨果实抗氧化活性值均显著高于叶片（P<0.05）;相关性分析发现：总黄酮对总还原力（TRPA）值的贡献极强,抗坏血酸对Fe³⁺还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）值贡献最强,槲皮素对ABTS值的贡献最强,说明金刺梨果实和叶片是一种具有较高开发价值的药食同源资源。     

植物生长调节剂对花叶开唇兰原球茎增殖和分化的影响

应用正交设计法探讨3种植物生长调节剂对花叶开唇兰原球茎增殖和分化的影响。结果表明,6-BA对原球茎增殖和分化作用显著,NAA和KT作用不显著;原球茎增殖最佳培养基为改良KC+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.5 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L,原球茎分化最佳培养基为改良KC+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

多花蔷薇总RNA提取方法

根据总RNA完整性、纯度和得率筛选出适合多花蔷薇幼嫩根、叶总RNA的提取方法。结果表明,以CTAB/酸酚法提取的扦插苗根系总RNA、以LiCl-尿素法提取的扦插苗根、叶总RNA以及采用RNeasyPlantMiniKit试剂盒的改进方法提取的组培苗嫩叶总RNA电泳有清晰明亮的28S、18S条带,无降解;其A260/A280值为1.73~2.04,表明总RNA质量好。RT-PCR结果进一步证实所提取的总RNA能够用于分子生物学的各种下游实验。RNA得率分别为:根系和组培苗嫩叶120-140μg/g(fw),扦插苗嫩叶190-230μg/g(fw)。CTAB/酸酚法提取的嫩叶总RNA、SDS/酸酚法提取的根、叶总RNA有多糖污染,且有明显降解。TotalRNAisolationsystem(Z5111,Promega)试剂盒不适合提取多花蔷薇各组织总RNA。     

Comparison of endogenous polyamine content in hazel leaves and buds between the annual dormancy and flowering phases of growth

Upon exposure to air at 20°C and 60% relative humidity (RH), an occlusion to water uptake developed in the basal stem segment of cut, flowering Sonia roses. The development of the occlusion was delayed by removing the leaves before storage, indicating an effect of transpiration. Placing the stem ends at 100% RH during exposure to air had no effect, which shows that water loss through the cut end is not the cause. Scanning electron microscopy did not show plant gums or tyloses in the water conducting elements.
The hypothesis by Scholander et al. (1955) that water uptake into stems held in air and then placed in water occurs through conduit walls rather than the lumen was tested by using stems of which the cut surface was covered with laboratory grease and a ring of bark was removed (girdling). Girdled stems placed in water remained fully turgid when the girdled area was about 60 mm² or more. Water uptake was strongly inhibited when the girdled stems were exposed to air for 24–36 h, as in non-girdled controls exposed to air for the same period. Inclusion of a surfactant (nonylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol) in the vase water, however, facilitated water uptake after dry storage of normal cut flowering stems but did not improve water uptake into the girdled stem system, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis.
It is concluded that the vascular occlusion developing upon exposure to air cannot be explained by decreased flow in the wall pathway for water.